Conservation Biology​​​ in the Boreal
HOW DOES NEWFOUNDLAND and LABRADOR COMPARE??​
Canadian Restoration Projects
In comparison to other nations, Canada’s restoration programs have been on average with the amount of success overall. With the assistance of the provincial governments, the amount of projects throughout the provinces varies in both extremes, where Newfoundland and Labrador has a very low amount of restoration programs compared to the other provinces. In comparison, British Columbia and Ontario have a high number of successful programs managed over the years, and with the increase of assessments after each success, more and more programs are being proposed in neighboring regions, expanding their influence on the land.
Specifically we chose successful programs in British Columbia and Ontario, due to their high success rate, as well as project in Quebec, that due to its success has ignited many ongoing proposals for Quebec Parklands.
In association with the University of Victoria, the Garry Oak Restoration Project is an ecological restoration and educational program that has nine restoration sites on the southern tip of Victoria Island, British Columbia. Their main purpose is to preserve the endangered Garry Oak ecosystem that has become a threat due to the increase in human activities on Victoria Island over the past century 4. In the nine sites, the main focus for the restoration of the plants living inside is the removal of the invasive species that are taking land and resources from the native species.
​
Garry Oak Restoration Project
A stewardship program with GORP hires students from the university, along with local volunteers to work in the restoration sites, which range from parks, brooks, and mountain sides. Their main objective is the active removal of the invasive species, which is a long process since most of invasive plants can grow and multiply very quickly, after they are removed, the site must be monitored to see if the native species are repopulating the site, as well as managing the populations that need assistance in repopulating to more manageable levels 4. The other objective is to assist in making the public aware of the land around them, and helping preserve many biking and hiking trails in the protected sites, but making sure human activity does not become detrimental to the site.
Wetland Restoration at Royal Roads University
The Royal Roads Ecosystem Restoration project was developed by an agreement between the Royal Roads University and the Hatley Park National Historic Site, with the purpose of restoring and preserving the historic wetlands and aquatic life of the region. The region of focus is 10 acres of land near the Esquimalt Lagoon, which was owned by the Dunsmuir family around 100 years ago. The region of land (which was originally all wetlands) was converted to pasture land with the hopes of making it a family farm estate. With the removal of the water, the drainage system is now failing, and the alder forest is growing over into the wetland region, becoming a threat to the species and ecosystem of the acres that was designed to thrive in the original wetlands 5.
Over the years, the Office of Sustainability, along with many partners such as Ducks Unlimited and Fresh Water Society of BC, and many others, a site assessment was conducted, evaluating what grants and donations will be applicable to the campaign. After the assessment, the reigns for the project management was given to the Habitat Trust Conservation Foundation, whose role is to assist the Royal Roads University and Hatley Park National Historic Site in construction and development of walking trails, boardwalks, and other developments that will help get the public to come see the restoration of the historic wetlands 5. Due to the installment of the project, Royal Roads University has now joined the Wetland Stewardship Partnership, which is a British Columbian home stewardship with the sole purpose of maintaining the provincial wetlands.
Bronte Creek Restoration
Bronte Creek is a 304 square kilometer watershed located in the South Western Ontario. Human impact, such as riparian deforestation and development of dams, the temperature of the creek has increased, which also has deoxygenated the water. This increase in the cold water temperature has become detrimental to the aquatic life inhabiting the creek, such as the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) that need oxygenated water to survive 6.


In spring of 2009, the Bronte Creek Watershed Renewal Program was set in place, by the Trout Unlimited Organization, along with many local landowners in the region. The plan was design to run for 5 years, to decrease the water temperature so that the brook trout and other specimens in the ecosystem can thrive again on the cold water. Along with organizations such as the Conservation Halton and the Ontario Trillium Foundation, the goal to engage many of the local residence and landowners in assisting the renewal of the Creek back to its original temperature. This included the removal of multiple small dams, making zones specifically for riparian, and assessing the damage caused by erosion due to walking trails too close to the creek (the erosion is causing the widening of the creek, thus decreasing the depth, as well as increasing its overall temperature) 6. Several departments in the town of Morriston and the city of Oakville have partnered together for managing the program and due to the success of this program, development of new programs for other part of the region are now being assessed and designed for future expansion of the restoration plans 6.
Pink Lake in Gatineau Park
Pink Lake of Gatineau Park, Quebec, shoreline has become eroded due to the increase in uncontrolled visiting of hikers and campers brought on the opening of the Gatineau Parkway in 1958. The erosion has led to the nutrient rich soil to sink into the meromictic lake (a lake that will not mix with or break down the soil), the sediment in the lake has now led to a severe increase in algal production, as well as an dangerous increase in plant reproduction due to excess nutrients, which will crash after the nutrients of from the soil is depleted 7. With no educational or interpretive signs on the parkway to help hikers to understand the problem, then it will only get worse. After an assessment performed by the National Capital Commission, a proposal was design to not only decrease the hiking in detrimental areas near the lake, but to create an alternative to the sites enjoyment and improvements to the visitor access.
With help from Trent University, rehabilitation plans were design by permitting controlled access to prohibited areas around the lake. Parties and fires on the shoreline of the lake, as well as swimming in it, have been prohibited and now enforced by park management. Removal of old infrastructure near the lake to deviate accessible zones by the lake, as well as construction of a boardwalk that led to a lookout structure over the lake increase the use of sections at a safe distance from the lake shore, but still was enjoyable for hikers and other visitors of the park 7. By 2008, the restoration of Pink Lake was complete, with the new elevated structures and prohibited zones, the lichen growth and erosion had decreased, and due to the success of the project, many new plans are being designed for other regions of the park, such as Meech lake and Eardley Escarpment.


British Columbia:
Quebec:
Ontario:
Both images from http://www.pc.gc.ca/progs/np-pn/re-er/ec-cs/ec-cs03.aspx
both images taken from http://www.tucanada.org/index.asp?p=2077
The nine ecological sites under the jurisdiction of GORP on Vancouver island (for more information, click the picture to visit the official Garry Oak Restoration Website
